Idaho

The Gem State Established 1890, 43rd State

Climate

Average Seasonal High and Low Temperatures # Spring: 61/38°F # Summer: 85/55°F # Fall: 62/39°F # Winter: 39/24°F

Geography

The state includes several geographical regions, but the Rocky Mountains are the most dominant feature. There are more than two hundred mountain ranges in Idaho. Some of the main ranges include the Salmon, Clearwater, Bitterroot, and Sawtooth Mountains. Valuable forests and minerals are found in many of these areas. The Columbia Plateau, another of the state's geographic areas, covers much of southern Idaho. The plateau sits atop layers of rock and lava left over from ancient volcanic eruptions. In some areas these layers are thousands of feet thick. The Columbia Plateau is important for farming and ranching. In the southeast corner is the dry Basin and Range region. The Snake River, which flows westward across southern Idaho before going into Washington, is one of the state's major rivers.

Resources and Economy

Considering its nickname—the Gem State—it shouldn't be surprising that mining has been and continues to be an important part of Idaho's economy. Idaho is a leading producer of silver, lead, and other minerals. The top three industries in Idaho are manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism. While most people think of potatoes when they think of Idaho, wheat, sugar beets, and peas are major crops, too. Idaho also benefits from a large livestock industry. And one of the state's most important resources is water. It is used for irrigating, generating hydroelectric power, supporting industry, and drinking. Another important area of Idaho's economy is tourism. People are drawn to the state to ski, fish, hunt, camp, and appreciate Idaho's scenic beauty.

Population

1,499,402

Government

Capital:
State Abbreviation: ID
Governor: C. L. `Butch` Otter (Republican)
U.S. Senators: 2
Larry Craig (Republican)
Michael Crapo (Republican)
U.S. Representatives: 2
    Republicans: 2
    Democrats 0
State Senators: 39
State Representatives: 70
Counties: 44

Fun Facts

* Lewiston is a port city. Ships go down the Snake and Columbia rivers and then out to the Pacific Ocean. * Rigby is known as the birthplace of television because it's where inventor Philo T. Farnsworth came up with the idea for television. * The Boise statehouse is heated by underground hot springs. * The National Old Time Fiddlers Contest is held in Weiser. Weiser is also home to the National Fiddlers Hall of Fame. * Two-thirds of all potatoes grown in the United States are grown in Idaho. * Idaho produces 72 kinds of gemstones, including rubies, opals, jasper, and quartz. * The deepest river gorge in North America is Hell's Canyon, at 7,900 feet (2,400 m) deep. * Shoshone Falls, near Twin Falls, drops 52 feet (16 m) farther than Niagara Falls. * One of the largest diamonds ever discovered in the United States, almost 20 carats, was found near McCall.